[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.zbiko.cz\/jake-byly-priciny-zaniku-cesko-slovenska-v-breznu-1939\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.zbiko.cz\/jake-byly-priciny-zaniku-cesko-slovenska-v-breznu-1939\/","headline":"Jak\u00e9 byly p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny z\u00e1niku \u010cesko-Slovenska v b\u0159eznu 1939?","name":"Jak\u00e9 byly p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny z\u00e1niku \u010cesko-Slovenska v b\u0159eznu 1939?","description":"Zni\u010den\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska (\u010cSR) ve 30. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 ko\u0159eny ji\u017e na jeho po\u010d\u00e1tku. Nov\u00fd st\u00e1t v\u00a0roce 1918 vznikl jako mnohon\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed \u00fatvar, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e obyvatel hl\u00e1s\u00edc\u00edch se ke slovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodnosti bylo m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e n\u011bmeck\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f…","datePublished":"2020-02-08","dateModified":"2023-04-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.zbiko.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.zbiko.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b72fc1bf1bf254b4118ef99c1da35a199f5a8e7c33c2166eae92618994df57ea?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b72fc1bf1bf254b4118ef99c1da35a199f5a8e7c33c2166eae92618994df57ea?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"zbiko.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.zbiko.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a371674_w4416_t1582988949.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.zbiko.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a371674_w4416_t1582988949.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.zbiko.cz\/jake-byly-priciny-zaniku-cesko-slovenska-v-breznu-1939\/","about":["Politika"],"wordCount":615,"articleBody":"Zni\u010den\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska (\u010cSR) ve 30. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 ko\u0159eny ji\u017e na jeho po\u010d\u00e1tku. Nov\u00fd st\u00e1t v\u00a0roce 1918 vznikl jako mnohon\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed \u00fatvar, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e obyvatel hl\u00e1s\u00edc\u00edch se ke slovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodnosti bylo m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e n\u011bmeck\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9m pohrani\u010d\u00ed. Ochota N\u011bmc\u016f sd\u00edlet s\u00a0\u010cechy spole\u010dn\u00fd st\u00e1t byla mal\u00e1 a nep\u0159isp\u011bly k\u00a0n\u00ed ani vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy, kter\u00e9 ukon\u010dily pokusy o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch provinci\u00ed k\u00a0Rakousku.Chybou \u010desk\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed politiky byla ne\u00fa\u010dast (nejen) n\u011bmeck\u00fdch politik\u016f p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 \u00fastavy p\u0159ijat\u00e9 parlamentem v\u00a0roce 1920.Slo\u017een\u00ed parlamentu tehdy kop\u00edrovalo slo\u017een\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho sn\u011bmu roku 1911 kde logicky z\u00e1stupci jin\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f nebyli. \u00dastava z\u00edskala obdiv demokratick\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, av\u0161ak \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed st\u00e1topr\u00e1vn\u00edch n\u00e1rodnostn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek odkl\u00e1dala o \u0161est let. P\u0159esto p\u0159inesla ne\u010desk\u00e9mu obyvatelstvu mnoho svobod a pr\u00e1v, v\u00a0ostatn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b nev\u00eddan\u00fdch, nap\u0159. pr\u00e1vo vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0mate\u0159sk\u00e9m jazyce v\u00a0oblastech s\u00a0minim\u00e1ln\u011b 20% obyvatelstva t\u00edmto jazykem hovo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch. Eliminace po\u010detn\u00ed p\u0159evahy N\u011bmc\u016f nad Slov\u00e1ky prosazen\u00edm teorie o jednotn\u00e9m \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rod\u011b dvou v\u011btv\u00ed nem\u011bla \u0161anci na \u00fasp\u011bch. \u010c\u00e1st slovensk\u00e9 reprezentace teorii \u010dechoslovakismu sice podpo\u0159ila, \u010d\u00e1st, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0katolick\u00fdch kruh\u016f v\u0161ak po\u017eadovala sv\u00e9bytnost n\u00e1rodn\u00ed a pozd\u011bji i st\u00e1tn\u00ed, st\u00e1le v\u0161ak ve svazku s\u00a0\u010cechy ve spole\u010dn\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b.\u010ceskoslovensko tedy v\u00a0tehdej\u0161\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b p\u0159edstavovala ostrov demokracie zaru\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm politick\u00e9, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 i jazykov\u00e9 svobody. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasovan\u00e1 bomba st\u00e1topr\u00e1vn\u00edho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e byla spu\u0161t\u011bna.Jej\u00ed pomysln\u00fd tikot akceleroval uchopen\u00edm moci Hitlerem v\u00a0N\u011bmecku v\u00a0roce 1933. Postupn\u011b se zvy\u0161ovaly n\u00e1roky \u010desk\u00fdch N\u011bmc\u016f v\u016f\u010di \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 moci, v\u00a0polovin\u011b t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch let jejich mluv\u010d\u00ed bez v\u00fdhrad p\u0159ijali Hitlerovu strategii stup\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm naprosto nep\u0159ijateln\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f. S\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravami na obranu proti n\u011bmeck\u00e9 agresi se za\u010dalo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b. I tak \u010ceskoslovensko v\u00a0konfliktu s\u00a0N\u011bmeckem nebylo \u00fapln\u011b bez \u0161anc\u00ed, d\u016fle\u017eitou podm\u00ednku \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 obrany v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavovala vojensk\u00e1 pomoc z\u00e1padn\u00edch spojenc\u016f \u2013 Francie a Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie.Hitlerovi v\u0161ak neu\u0161la neochota z\u00e1padu anga\u017eovat se pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed celistvosti \u010cSR a propagandou krmil l\u017ei o \u0161patn\u00e9m zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00fdm obyvatelstvem v\u00a0\u010cSR. Hitlerovu ne\u010distou hru zre\u017e\u00edroval jeho spojenec italsk\u00fd dikt\u00e1tor Mussolini do mnichovsk\u00e9 dohody v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1938, kter\u00e1 osud \u010cSR zpe\u010detila. A nejen \u010cSR, Winston Churchill se ve sv\u00e9 reakci nem\u00fdlil: \u201eM\u011bli jsme na v\u00fdb\u011br mezi ostudou a v\u00e1lkou, zvolili jsme ostudu a budeme m\u00edt v\u00e1lku.\u201cPah\u00fdl, kter\u00fd po Mnichovu zbyl z\u00a0republiky, byl Hitlerovi vyd\u00e1n na milost \u010di nemilost. Vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed autonomie Slovenska v b\u0159eznu 1939 \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jeho politick\u00e9 reprezentace je\u0161t\u011b vl\u00e1da potla\u010dila vojensky, Hitler v\u0161ak vyu\u017eil zmatk\u016f, povolal do Berl\u00edna slovensk\u00e9ho p\u0159ed\u00e1ka Josefa Tisa a dal mu na v\u00fdb\u011br samostatn\u00fd slovensk\u00fd st\u00e1t ve spojen\u00ed s\u00a0N\u011bmeckem nebo n\u011bmeckou okupaci. T\u00e9\u017ee noci v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017ekami zlomil \u010desk\u00e9ho prezidenta H\u00e1chu k souhlasu s n\u011bmeckou okupac\u00ed.15. 3. 1939 se lid\u00e9 probudili do protektor\u00e1tu \u010cechy a Morava\u2026                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Jak\u00e9 byly p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny z\u00e1niku \u010cesko-Slovenska v b\u0159eznu 1939?","item":"https:\/\/www.zbiko.cz\/jake-byly-priciny-zaniku-cesko-slovenska-v-breznu-1939\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]